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Home Up Easter Pentecost Advent Christmas Epiphany Lent Holy Week
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As the wheel of the year
rolls pas the winter solstice we thing about our church calendar: How does
it relate to our lives? How does it mesh with our secular calendar? What
are its seasons and what is their meaning? With this article the Adult
Education Team begins a detailed explanation of the calendar. Further
descriptions of the season will follow as each season begins. Look for
them in The Banner, the service bulletins, and on our website.
Calendars are based on recurring events in
nature: spring, summer, fall, and winter (solar calendars of 365 days) or
on the phases of the moon (lunar calendars, 12 months of 28 days). The
calendar of the Christian church year makes use of both kinds. It
developed over many centuries, sometimes appropriating rituals common to
many cultures, to tell the story of Christ’s birth, death, and
resurrection as an expression of Christian the theology.
The central event of Christianity is the
Resurrection. An annual remembrance of Christ’s passion is therefore the
central event of the Christian year, so it was the first event to be
placed in the calendar. But the events of Holy Week took place at the
Jewish Passover, and cannot be remembered without reference to it.
Passover occurs in the lunar month Nisan. Because the lunar year is 29
days shorter than the solar year, an adjustment was necessary if Easter
and Passover were roughly to coincide.
So Easter Day was made what is called a
movable feast, falling on the Sunday after the first full moon after the
spring equinox (March 21). The full story of the Passion is commemorated
in the days of Holy Week, leading up to Easter Day. The Easter season was
established as lasting seven weeks, ending on the Day of Pentecost (a word
that
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means 50 days). The Jewish festival
celebrated the wheat harvest, and, as recorded in Acts, was the occasion
of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the Christian church.
Easter was the time set aside for baptisms.
So, the next addition to the calendar was a time of preparation for
baptism—the 40 days before Easter (not counting Sundays, which are always
feast days). Over time, Lent became a time of repentance and renewal for
everyone, and began with Ash Wednesday.
A second cycle developed, starting with the
incarnation, which was placed at the winter solstice. In 338 CE the
Emperor Constantine set the date of Christ’s birth at December 25, marking
the beginning of the Christmas season. It was followed by Epiphany, or the
showing forth of Christ. January 6, the beginning of Epiphany, was the
Egyptian date of the showing forth of the Sun. Epiphany was also an
occasion for baptism, so a period of four weeks of penitential preparation
before Christmas was added. It came to be called Advent, or preparation
for the coming of Christ.
The weeks between Pentecost and Advent, the
Season after Pentecost, complete the church year. These weeks are not to
be thought of as merely filling up the rest of the calendar. They offer us
a chance to explore our world and the meaning of our lives as live
them between the first Coming and the final Coming of Jesus Christ into
the world.
When we celebrate the seasons and festivals
of the church year we do more than commemorate: We perform sacramental
actions in which we experience the living reality behind those seasons and
festivals.
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| -- Cynthia Clark and Peter Olson |
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Calculate Easter Day and associated
Feast Days |
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Principal
events in the church calendar (BCP p. 15) |
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2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
Ascension Day |
May 21, 2009 |
May 13, 2010 |
June 2, 2011 |
Day of Pentecost |
May 31, 2009 |
May 23, 2010 |
June 12, 2011 |
Trinity Sunday |
June 7, 2009 |
May 30, 2010 |
June 19, 2011 |
Transfiguration |
August 6 each year |
All Saint’s Day |
November 1 each year
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All
Saint’s Sunday
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November 1, 2009 |
November 7, 2010 |
November 6, 2011 |
All Soul’s Day |
November 2 each year
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Thanksgiving Day |
November 26, 2009 |
November 18, 2010 |
November 24, 2011 |
Advent begins |
November 29, 2009 |
November 28, 2010 |
November 27, 2011 |
Christmas Day |
December 25 every year
Friday in 2009 |
December 25 every year
Saturday in 2010 |
December 25 every year
Sunday in 2011 |
Day of Epiphany/
Epiphany Sunday |
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January 6 every year/
January 10, 2010 |
January 6 every year/
January 9, 2011 |
Ash Wednesday |
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February 17, 2010 |
March 9, 2011 |
Palm Sunday |
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March 28, 2010 |
April 17, 2011 |
Maundy
Thursday
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April 1, 2010 |
April 21, 2011 |
Good Friday |
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April 2, 2010 |
April 22, 2011 |
Easter Day |
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April 4, 2010
Sunrise 6:49 AM EDT
Orthodox Easter April 4 |
April 24, 2011
Sunrise 6:20 AM EDT
Orthodox Easter April 24 |
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